Spirituality Guide

Questioning the Depth of your Question means ascertaining if the question falls under questions of fact, questions of preference or questions of judgment. Questions of fact require only one right answer since they are based on facts.

Examples of Questions of fact:

1. What elements comprise water?
2. What is the temperature of the freezing point?
3. What is mass?

Questions of preference pertain to opinions. The answer depends on human preferences. Mere opinion here rules.

Questions of preference :

1. Which would you prefer, going to the mountains or be at the beach?
2. Which would you choose, being alone or be in a group?
3. What color do you like most?

Questions of judgment pertain to questions that require reasoned judgment. It is not merely a fact nor an opinion but a combination of both plus valid reasoning. In the questions of judgment one needs to rationally evaluate answers to the question using intellectual standards accepted universally such as clarity, depth, consistency, relevance and others. The view is based on legitimate reasons and evidence.

Questions of judgment:

1. How can we address poverty effectively?
2. How do we implement company policies?
3. Is election necessary?

These are the intellectual traits that a critical thinker possesses. Critical thinking allows one to make informed judgment. Since we are all thinking individuals, critical thinking then is a necessary aspect of life. One needs to develop critical thinking in order to maximize opportunities and minimize problems.
These traits are important to be able to handle circumstances well at the same time when faced with a problem to be able to arrive at the best solution possible. I usually try to assess myself by determining how I practice or manifest each trait in my life.

1) Intellectual Integrity

Intellectual integrity means to always aim to be true to your own thoughts and decisions sometimes at the risk of losing friends or losing face. Although such extreme situations seldom occur. Intellectual integrity is trying to arrive at the truth even if it means you will be proved wrong in the end. Truth matters.

2). Intellectual Sense of Justice

Being fair to all parties concern as much as possible. For instance, if friends quarrel, try to listen to the views of all parties concern before arriving at own conclusion. Do not make premature judgment but rather allow people to air their sides first before forming one.

3). Intellectual Perseverance

Being not the type to give up easily. If something bothers you, think things through no matter how long it takes. For instance, if u can’t understand a math or physics assignment, don’t give up easily on the problem and try to understand the underlying principles behind it until it is solved.

4). Intellectual Courage

Being open to all ideas even those considered ‘dangerous’ or ‘radical’. You don’t necessarily adhere to other opinions but still try to listen to them no matter how difficult it seems to be. Always aim to take the middle ground. Do not espouse the extreme views but do pay attention to them.

5) Intellectual autonomy

Be independent when it comes to forming an opinion. Try to stay informed, read as much as you can or listen to others before deciding which side or course to take.

Don’t let others try to manipulate you. Don’t be easily persuaded by emotional pleas.

6). Intellectual Fair-mindedness

Being good at assessing situations without getting too personal even if the situation involves you. Learn to detach yourself from the issues and get to the bottom of the problem without biases.

7) Intellectual Confidence in Reason.

Don’t be overly emotional and put emotions ahead of reason. Follow your instincts in choosing but always have a good reason behind it. Have a clear idea on what you want to do or where you want to go. Don’t let others think for you. Have confidence in your decision-making ability after examining all facts and using reason.

8). Intellectual Humility

Be NOT too proud to admit limitations. Having too much confidence in intellectual ability makes it hard sometimes to admit you are wrong or that you overlook something.
Always be intellectually humble to admit that sometimes other’s views or ideas could be better. Take the best course of action even if it is other’s idea.

9). Intellectual Empathy

Empathize with people whose ideas opposed with yours or those that you deem to have wronged you. Exert effort to be able to genuinely try to understand those people who do not seem to be at your wavelength. Sometimes one man’s blessing is another man’s curse. So it is not impossible that those who opposed your views do not intend to do you harm but they just so happen to perceive things differently.

Warning: This is the diagnosis, based on real psychology methods, I made to the fictional character Hannibal Lecter (played by Anthony Hopkins) of the blockbuster movie “Silence of the Lambs”. I made this, just for fun, to understand the character fully. By publishing it here, I hope you can gain something from it.

Hannibal Lecter was born in 1938 in Lithuania. He belonged to a wealthy family. His father was a count. His mother came from aristocratic lineage of Visconti family from Milan. His younger sister was Mischa.

When he was six years old, he witnessed both his parents killed by German deserters. Lecter, his younger sister Mischa and other children were kept by the deserters to be slaughtered for food during the Baltic winter.

Lecter saw Mischa’s murder. Mischa was cannibalized by the German deserters. Lecter managed to escape. But the gruesome murders he witnessed scarred him for life. He lost his faith in God in the process. He believed that justice would not prevail. As a child, Lecter first manifested signs of sociopathic behavior in his sadism towards animals. He appeared to be unremorseful of his evil deeds. Also, he lied habitually.

He was later put in a government-owned orphanage where he lived for ten years. He tried to run away several times. But eh never stayed away for long because he got caught stealing food or clothes from the market. Frustration grew. Added to that was the misery he felt for losing his sister. He missed his terribly. At night, he would be found alone in his room talking to his dead sister.

Dr. Lecter would say later that his sister commanded him to do something everyday and he would carry it out. The employees at the orphanage did not sympathize with young Lecter. The financial strain of running an orphanage denied him the psychiatric care he desperately needed.

When he was 16, he was made to leave the orphanage and lived on the street. He stayed with his Aunt. There, he went to school. He was an extremely intelligent student but could not get along well with other children his age. At 20, his aunt disappeared.

Lecter moved to Baltimore, Maryland in the ‘70s. There he started his own psychiatric practice. He became very popular. He moved to New York where he became a part of a mental institution that provides counseling and aid to patients.

As per police records, Dr. Lecter killed at least nine people before he got captured. The last six were killed in a short period where he indulged in violence. All of his victims were partially disfigured. Dr. Lecter himself confessed to eating parts of his victims.
Lecter targeted men he considered mean and rude. Raspail the inferior flutist, Krendler the vindictive bureaucrat, Pazzi the corrupt cop, the census taker, even Mason Verger, one of his victims who managed to survive Lecter’ hatred —all of them reflected the traits of the deserters who cannibalized his sister.
Mischa’s gruesome murder became Lecter’s motivation for his later revenge and killing spree. Lecter wanted to seek revenge for Mischa and to restore dignity for his beloved sister.

By appearances, Dr. Lecter seemed soft-spoken, mild-mannered and very calm. He was clean-shaven and very warm. When asked about his childhood, he would only recall Mischa fondly, “Oh how I love her so. You know she talks to me every day. How could God abandon her?” About his belief in God, he said, “Why would I believe in a God who does not answer my prayers.” When asked the reason for his killing people, he said, “For I am royalty, a champion not simply without, but especially without God or law.” When asked if he wants to commit suicide, he replied, “Why would I want to kill myself.”

DIAGNOSIS

|———————————- DSM-IV codes

|Axis I | Paranoid Schizophrenia 295.3

|Axis II | Schizotypal Personality Disorder, 301.22
Antisocial Personality Disorder 301.7

|Axis III | Diagnosis Deferred

|Axis IV | Incarcerated for life
No social network

|Axis V | Global Assessment of Functioning 10

JUSTIFICATION OF DIAGNOSIS

Dr. Lecter is able to act cognitively and achieved his desired end. He is quite delusional. He sees himself as royalty and even similar to God. He also experiences auditory hallucinations every night as he converses with his dead sister where she asked him to carry out tasks for her.

His delusions and hallucinations stemmed from the gruesome murder of his beloved sister. He does not entertain suicidal thoughts. He is extremely intelligent since he does so well in his studies and later on with his practice. He has a reputation of being a brilliant Doctor of psychiatry.

Dr. Lecter is a loner. He does not find time for social interactions. He was never in a relationship. His aggressive and violent behavior shows utter disrespect for the rights of others. He murdered nine people and does not feel a bit remorseful about his actions. He is capable of inflicting great danger to other people. He disfigures and cannibalizes his victims. One of those, a census taker, he boldly declares that he ate him with “fava beans and a big Amarone”. Before turning fifteen, at such a tender age, he already experienced stealing food and clothes.

The global assessment scale of 10 is due to the fact that he has shown signs of being able to inflict severe danger or hurt to others. He relishes the idea of consuming his victims. He is not suicidal though and is able to look after personal hygiene. He is also capable of handling a full time job.

Treatment Modalities (Methods) of Hannibal Lecter
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (CBT)s

The CBTs uses insight both verbal and intellectual to produce an emotional result on the patient. CBTs believe that the verbal cues, sentences often repeated serve as inner dialogues that would lead to healing if used in a positive sense. For instance, continuously saying “I am lovable” could later on produce positive results to the person’s self-esteem as it reinforces the person’s belief in one self.

The therapist’s role is to interpret the data the patient discovers (psychoanalysis) by enabling the patient to relate past experience and open up to the therapist. Another role the therapist has to play in order to effectively handle personality disorder in Hannibal Lecter is to actively strive to make the patient feel emotionally safe. To put the patient in an environment that is beneficial in creating positive changes in the patient.

Dynamic Psychotherapy Or Psychodynamic Therapy, Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy

At the start of the therapy the therapist get into a “pact” with the analysand (patient or client). The pact must require the patient to continue exploring his problems irregardless of the length of time it takes not to mention expenses. This would make the therapeutic environment conducive to the patient’s progress because he/she is aware that the analyst would be there for him or her no matter how it long it takes.